Grade_11_chemistry

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:

- understand the scope of chemistry;

- select and use appropriate SI units;

-  understand the causes of uncertainty in measurement;

- express the result of any calculation involving experimental data to the

appropriate number of decimal places or significant figures use scientific methods in solving problems;

 demonstrate an understanding of experimental skills in chemistry;

demonstrate a knowledge of laboratory procedures; and

 demonstrate scientific enquiry skills including observing, inferring, predicting,

comparing and contrasting, communicating, analyzing, classifying, applying,

theorizing, measuring, asking questions, developing hypotheses, performing

and designing experiments, interpreting data, drawing conclusions, making

generalizations and problem solving

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:

understand the historical development of atomic structure;

 explain the experimental observations and inferences made by some famous

scientists to characterize the atom;

list and describe the subatomic particles;

explain the terms “atomic mass” and “isotope”;

 understand electromagnetic radiation, atomic spectra and Bohr’s models of

the atom;

 do calculations involving atomic structure;

 describe the quantum mechanical model of the atom, related postulates and

principles;

 demonstrate an understanding of periodic law and how electronic

configuration of atoms are related to the orbital diagrams and can explain

periodic trends; and

 describe scientific inquiry skills along this unit: inferring, predicting,

classifying, comparing, and contrasting, communicating, asking questions

and making generalizations.

Unit Outcomes

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:

 understand that a chemical bond is an attractive force between particles;

demonstrate an understanding of the formation and general properties of

substances containing ionic, covalent and metallic bonds;

 draw Lewis structures for simple ionic and covalent compounds;

 understand the origin of polarity within molecules;

 describe the formation and nature of hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole forces

and London forces;

 know the three different but related bonding models (Lewis model, Valence

bond model and Molecular orbital model) and recognize the usefulness of the

bonding theories in explaining and predicting molecular properties(bond

angle, bond length, bond energy, etc;

 explain how the properties of a substance (solid or liquid) depends on the

nature of the particles present and the type of intermolecular forces;

 appreciate the importance of intermolecular forces in plant and animal life;

Chemical Bonding

 explain how the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model can

be used to predict molecular shape;

 Know the types of crystalline solid (ionic, molecular, covalent network, or

metallic) formed by a substance and describe their properties;

conduct experiments to observe and analyze the physical properties of

different substances to determine the type of bonding present; and

 describe scientific enquiry skills along this unit: observing, inferring,

predicting, classifying, comparing and contrasting, making models,

communicating, asking questions, applying concepts, relating cause and

effect and making generalizations.

Unit Outcomes

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:

 explain what is meant by reaction rate and perform activities that determine

it;

 demonstrate an understanding of the dependence of reaction rate on the nature

of reactants, the surface area of solid reactants, the concentration of the

reactants, temperature of a system and the presence and nature of catalysts;

 determine reaction rates, using experimental data and calculations;

 describe how reaction rate theories (collision theory and transition-state theory)

explain changes in reaction rates;

 determine the rate laws and order of reactions from data on initial concentrations

and reaction rates;

 understand that most reactions occur as a series of elementary steps in reaction

mechanisms;

 appreciate the importance of chemical kinetics in industry and in living

organisms; and

 demonstrate scientific enquiry skills, including observing, predicting, comparing

and contrasting, communicating, asking questions, drawing conclusions, applying

concepts, relating cause and effect, making generalizations and problem solving.

Unit Outcomes

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:

 understand how equilibrium is established;

 explain characteristics of dynamic equilibrium;

 state the law of mass action, and write an expression for equilibrium

constants, Kc and K

p, from a given chemical reaction;

 apply the law of mass action to calculate Kc

,and Kp, the concentration and

pressure of substances in equilibrium;

 understand how the reaction quotient is used to indicate the position of

equilibrium;

 state Le Chateliers’ principle and use it to predict and explain the effects of

changes in temperature, pressure, concentration and presence of catalyst on

a reaction;

 perform an activity to demonstrate the effects of changes in concentration

on the position of equilibrium and to determine Kc and K

p values;

 explain how equilibrium principles are applied to optimize the production of

industrial chemicals (e.g. the production of ammonia and sulphuric acid);

and

 demonstrate scientific enquiry skills, observing, predicting, comparing and

contrasting, communicating, asking questions and making generalizations.

Unit Outcomes

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:

 write the structural formula and IUPAC names of given carboxylic acids and

esters;

 describe some physical and chemical properties of carboxylic acids and esters;

 predict and correctly name the products of organic reactions, including

substitution, addition, elimination, esterification, hydrolysis and oxidation

reactions;

 carry out activities to prepare a carboxylic acid and an ester;

 list some important fatty acids;

 test for the carboxylic acid and ester functional groups;

 understand the structures, properties, uses of fats and oils;

 describe and explain reactions in soap making (saponification);

 describe and explain the cleaning action of soap and detergents;

 understand the harmful aspects of detergents on the environment when improperly

disposed; and

 demonstrate scientific enquiry skills, including: observing, classifying, comparing

and contrasting, asking questions, drawing conclusions, applying concepts and

problem solving.